Frequently Asked Questions
What hardware is best for my system?
What distribution of Linux should I get as a beginner?
Can't delete Non-DOS partitions with fdisk
Can't get rid of LI or LILO message on boot
How do I arrange multiple OS installations?
How can I install Linux and keep my Windows installation?
What do I put in for mount points during install?
I want to install RedHat Linux on a hard drive over 8 GB
How do I fill out the domain, hostname and IP address fields?
Can I skip creating a bootdisk?
Where should I put LILO?
Problems getting Xconfigurator to work
Should I have Linux automatically start in graphic mode?
How do start and stop the graphic mode (X-windows)?
No sound

What distribution of Linux should I get as a beginner? I currently recommend two: RedHat 6.0 or 6.1 (often packaged as Mandrake) OR SuSE 6.3. Redhat is easier to network, set up sound and connect to Windows users. SuSE requires text-mode install in order to network, but it has an excellent tool Sax which makes video card configuration a snap. Just remember to skip the video configuration at initial install and do it later under Sax. Users who have video card setup woes with Redhat can try a temporary installation of SuSE 6.3 just to detect the horizontal and vertical sync frequencies of the monitor. When this information is determined, you can go back to Redhat and usually get the X-server set up. The network-savvy might prefer SuSE if the intended use is a firewall, because its security defaults are more restrictive.

Can't delete Non-DOS partitions with fdisk Microsoft's version of fdisk has problems dealing with file systems such as Linux. You'll need to do one of three things -- 1.) Contact the hard drive manufacturer for a low-level format utility. 2.) Use a commercial program such as Powerquest's Partition Magic that can recognize the partition or 3.) Use the fdisk utility that ships with the Linux distribution -- start the Linux install, choose Fdisk (NOT Disk Druid) as the partition method, and delete all partitions. Go as far as writing the partition table and then abort the Linux install.

Can't get rid of LI or LILO message on boot This is a simple one to fix. Boot to a system floppy containing fdisk.exe and type FDISK /MBR at the command prompt. If the system hangs at "LI", and you wish to dual boot between Linux and a Microsoft OS, you might have a wierd hard disk configuration that LILO can't deal with. It frequently has problems with systems that have the BIOS select the boot drive. To work around this, install Linux on an isolated C: drive. Remove it (at least disconnect the IDE cable). Then install the Microsoft OS(s). Jumper the Linux drive as the master and the Microsoft drive as the slave. Then use the BIOS to select C: to boot Linux or D: to boot the Microsoft OS.

How do I arrange multiple OS installations? You have to plan around the limitations of each OS

  • The root partition of the C: drive MUST be one of the following (IF you want to access more than 8GB on ANY hard drive) Windows-95 OSR-2, Windows-98, Windows-NT4 or Windows-2000.
  • DOS, Windows-95 or 98 MUST be installed on the C: drive
  • The NT or 2000 bootloader MUST be on the C: drive, but NT itself can reside on ANY drive provided that the starting cylinder is at 4 GB or less into the drive. Windows-2000 can reside anywhere.
  • Linux can be made to boot anywhere provided it starts below the 8GB boundary
  • Although NT or 2000 can skip past partitions they can't recognize, the file system on the C: drive MUST be one that it recognizes. For NT4, this means FAT16 or NTFS-4. For Win-2000, this means FAT16 or FAT32, or any version of NTFS.
  • In order for the NT or 2000 bootloader to boot anything else other than NT or 2000, the root partition MUST be FAT!

    How can I install Linux and keep my Windows installation? If you use Microsoft fdisk to repartition, you'll have to reinstall Windows. Fortunately there are disk repartitioning utilities available, such as Powerquest's Partition Magic. Use it to resize your Windows partition. For 8 GB or less hard drives, resize the Windows partition so as to leave about half the drive space for Linux. For drives over 8 GB, resize the Windows partition so that it ends about 6-7 GB into the hard drive (make sure LILO can look for the Linux boot below 8 GB (1024 cylinders) because only the very latest versions of LILO can go over that even though the Linux CAN fit in a larger hard drive. Install Linux at the end. You can also use Partition Magic to preformat the Linux native and Linux swap partitions.

    What do I put in for mount points during install? All you need to put in is / for the Linux native partition. In the Unix world, this is the root directory. If you have other file systems you want to be able to read while in your Unix session, you just to put in /win for example, to mount your Windows partition.

    I want to install RedHat Linux on a hard drive over 8 GB Disk Druid won't do this. Use fdisk instead. Ignore the warning message about LILO. As long as you START somewhere around 7 GB into the drive you'll be ok. Create a new primary partition (#2), taking up most of the remaining cylinders (leave about 40). Create another primary partition (#3), taking up the rest. Change this partition's system id to Linux swap. Write out the partition table and exit. Then proceed to set your mount points.

    How do I fill out the domain, hostname and IP address fields? If you don't have a domain name just use localdomain. Then use a unique machine name in front of the dot that is in front of the domain name. For a beginning small network set the IP address to 192.168.0.x where x is a number unique to the machine and between 1 and 254 inclusive. Set the subnet mask to 255.255.255.0 and backspace out the default gateway and primary nameserver.

    Can I skip creating a bootdisk? Only at your own peril. If LILO doesn't work and you don't have some other bootloader working, you won't be able to boot into Linux without it.

    Where should I put LILO? In virtually every case it should be in the master boot record. Only put it on the first sector of the boot partition if you're using some other program in the master boot loader, like the OS/2 bootloader, in which case you put LILO on the first sector of the Linux partition, and let the OS/2 bootloader point to it. The Windows-NT and Windows-2000 bootloaders DO NOT occupy the master boot record, so put LILO in the master boot record if using these operating systems. It's also possible to let the NT bootloader or even a DOS (or Windows-9x) multi-configuration file handle the choices, but it's much harder to set up. It's easier to let LILO have first crack, then let the Microsoft boot program do the rest. If you'd prefer the non-Linux system to be the default, it's possible to set that up also.

    Problems getting Xconfigurator to work Do not use versions of Linux that FORCE a graphic install (Corel Linux comes to mind). The Xconfigurator is a difficult program and chances are that your distribution comes with a better program to configure X-windows. For SuSE users, either do a text install (start with disk 2) OR do a graphic install, but DO NOT startx on the initial install. In either case, run Sax later. It's very good at configuring video, and can detect video card and monitor settings. For RedHat, just type Setup (shut down X if it's running!) and choose the Xconfiguration option. If you get the card right, sometimes playing with the monitor settings works.

    Should I have Linux automatically start in graphic mode? By all means NO! One of the MAJOR problems with Windows is that the graphic interface is FORCIBLY tied to the operating system. You don't want to repeat that folly. You want the graphic interface to be there when you need it, but to be able to kill it and restart it if it has problems WITHOUT having to reboot.

    How do start and stop the graphic mode (X-windows)? To start the graphic mode type startx. To stop it, Ctl-Alt-Backspace will instantly kill the X-server. Upon restarting X, usually any problems go away.

    No sound Redhat users need to merely type sndconfig at a console. If it's a PnP card, it may automatically be detected and configured. Some non-PNP cards require some configuration, but it's a lot easier than Windows (find files, copy files, reboot). Under Linux the card usually works right away once configured. If you've got a SoundBlaster Live card or something else fancy and have troubles still, THEN you can go to the newsgroups.